Boa Esperança Coffee Farm 

From 1880 began arriving the first families of Italian immigrants to work in the coffee plantations, totally changing the characteristics of Portuguese colonization and proving to be the Italian tradition predominant factor in the contribution of the local culture. In March 1892 it opened the railroad branch of Mogiana Company. The train ran the route between Serra Negra and Amparo, requiring transhipment of coffee to another train in Amparo city, due to the difference between branches track gauges.

Beyond passenger transport, coffee was the main product shipped, and in 1913 was one of the main economic engines of the city, with about 8 million coffee trees, and producing about 100 thousand bags of 60 kilograms of processed coffee. In the same year the city was among the 10 largest producers of coffee in the state of São Paulo. The city of Amparo was the 5th largest producer of time picking just more than 12,500 bags over Serra Negra, Ribeirão Preto as the largest producer gathered 187,500 more. The railroad branch became inactive on 1956 when the highways already were developing on a large scale in Brazil. In the 1920s the Brazilian economy was beginning to suffer the effects caused by excessive production of coffee. The low prices and the poor quality of the product, adding to the stock market crash in New York in 1929, led to the decline of the coffee economy in the country. The railroad branch became inactive on 1956 when the highways already were developing on a large scale in Brazil. In the 1920s the Brazilian economy was beginning to suffer the effects caused by excessive production of coffee. The low prices and the poor quality of the product, adding to the stock market crash in New York in 1929, led to the decline of the coffee economy in the country. Despite the large devaluation of coffee in 1929 and the likely reduction in the production area of the city, is found through the "Almanach de Serra Negra", 1913 edited and published by typography Serrano, which in the year of its publication the city had 8 million coffee plants (pits) and 620 farmers, already in the "Year book of Serra Negra" from 1935 written by João Caldeira Neto, edited by Cruzeiro do Sul Organization , in the year of its publication the city had 9 million coffee trees (pits) and 786 rural properties, so in the years 1913 and 1935 despite the coffee crash of 1929 there was no reduction in the coffee area of the city.

 In the mid 30s the city was already receiving benefits from the first discovery of the therapeutic quality of its mineral waters from the Santo Antônio Fountain of Luis Rielli. The discovery of the radioactive properties of the waters in 1928 led to the creation in 1930 of a hydrotherapy grand pavilion built beside the fountain. Its mineral composition, combined with small doses of radioactivity, revealed to be the mineral waters of Serra Negra indicated for various health treatments. The recognition of the quality of mineral waters led to the designation of Serra Negra, by the President of the Republic Washington Luís, as 'Health City'. In 1938, Decree signed by then Governor Dr. Adhemar de Barros Pereira, elevated to the rank of Serra Negra Hidromineral and Climatic resort. Currently, the health resort of Serra Negra in tourism has its main economic activity, followed by agriculture, predominantly coffee cultivation. The city has several public fountains and water mining companies.